I realized I took ideas from philosophers like Dan Dennett. I took ideas from evolutionary biologists like John Maynard Smith. I took ideas from people who were trying to implement evolution for things like RNA, so people like Jerry Joyce at Scripps. I took ideas from lots of people who could explain their ideas well, so I’ve been influenced by many. I’ve built my ideas on the contributions of many. And, of course, that’s what evolution does. It mutates and recombines what’s already there. Nothing comes out of nothing, right? It all comes on the back of what was there.
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Frances Arnold
Chemical engineer; Nobel laureate in Chemistry, 2018
United States · b. 1956
Science and medicine
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Chemical engineer at the California Institute of Technology who developed directed evolution of enzymes. Awarded a share of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, having trained originally as a mechanical and aerospace engineer.
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